Life Experiences Survey Interview your family members about the stress-related disease you are at risk for. article on stress and that disease 5. Questionnaire D
- https://youtu.be/ncYMV4DXCMU
- Life Experiences Survey
- Interview your family members about the stress-related disease you are at risk for.
- article on stress and that disease
- 5. Questionnaire
- Do modern lifestyles create more stress for you than in the past? How so?
- How do you create stress in your own life?
- How could you change the nature of our society to make it less stressful?
- It could be said that some stress comes from leading "out-of-balance" lives. What can people do to "keep it simple"? Furthermore, in what ways can individuals control the stressors they will encounter beforehand?
- How could you change the way in which you interact with your school demands or your work demands to change the amount of stress that you feel?
- how you can improve your health and longevity in light of your findings on this assignment, your understanding of stress, and your knowledge of your family history. This should be your final page
Chapter 3 Stress and Its Effects EXERCISE 3.1 Self-Assessment: The Life Experiences Survey (LES)
Instructions Listed below are a number of events that sometimes bring about change in the lives of those who ex-
perience them and that necessitate social readjustment. Examine each event on the list, and if that event
has occurred in your life during the past year please indicate the extent to which you viewed the event as having either a positive or negative impact on your life at the time it occurred. That is, circle a number
on the appropriate line to indicate the type and extent of impact that the event had. A rating of —3
would indicate an extremely negative impact. A rating of 0 suggests no impact, either positive or nega-
tive. A rating of +3 would indicate an extremely positive impact.
The Scale Extremely Moderately Slightly No Slightly Moderately Extremely negative negative negative impact positive positive positive
Section 1
1. Marriage —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
2. Detention in jail or comparable institution —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
3. Death of spouse —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
4. Major change in sleeping habits —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
5. Death of a close family member —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
a. Mother —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
b. Father —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
c. Brother —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
d. Sister —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
e. Grandmother —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
f. Grandfather —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
g. Other (specify) —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
6. Major change in eating habits (much more or much less —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3 food intake)
7. Foreclosure on mortgage or loan —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
8. Death of a close friend —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
9. Outstanding personal achievement —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
10. Minor law violations —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
11. Male: Wife/girlfriend's pregnancy —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
12. Female: Pregnancy —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
13. Changed work situation (different work responsibility, —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3 major change in working conditions, working hours, etc.)
14. New job —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
15. Serious illness or injury of close family member: —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
a. Mother —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
b. Father —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
c. Brother —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2 -1-3
d. Sister —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
e. Grandmother —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
f. Grandfather —3 —2 —1
0
+1
+2
+3
PERSONAL EXPLORATIONS WORKBOOK W-13
g. Spouse -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
h. Other (specify) -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
16. Sexual difficulties -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
17. Trouble with employer (in danger of losing job, being – 3
-2
-1
0
+1
+2
+3 suspended, being demoted, etc.)
18. Trouble with in-laws -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
19. Major change in financial status (a lot better off or a lot -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 worse off)
20. Major change in closeness of family members -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 (increased or decreased closeness)
21. Gaining a new family member (through birth, adoption, – 3
– 2
– 1
0
+1
+2
+3 family member moving in, etc.)
22. Change in residence -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
23. Marital separation from mate (due to conflict) -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
24. Major change in church activities (increased or -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 decreased attendance)
25. Marital reconciliation with mate -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
26. Major change in number of arguments with spouse (a -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 lot more or a lot fewer)
27. Married male: Change in wife's work outside the home -3 -2
-1
0
+1
+2
+3 (beginning work, ceasing work, changing to a new job, etc.)
28. Married female: Change in husband's work (loss of job, -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 beginning new job, retirement, etc.)
29. Major change in usual type and/or amount of recreation -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
30. Borrowing for a major purchase (buying a home, -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 business, etc.)
31. Borrowing for a smaller purchase (buying acar or TV, -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 getting school loan, etc.)
32. Being fired from job -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
33. Male: Wife/girlfriend having an abortion -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
34. Female: Having an abortion -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
35. Major personal illness or injury -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
36. Major change in social activities, e.g., parties, movies, -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 visiting (increased or decreased participation)
37. Major change in living conditions of family (building -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 new home, remodeling, deterioration of home or neighborhood, etc.)
38. Divorce -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
39. Serious injury or illness of close friend -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
40. Retirement from work -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
41. Son or daughter leaving home (due to marriage, college, -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3 etc.)
42. End of formal schooling -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
43. Separation from spouse (due to work, travel, etc.) -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
44. Engagement -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
45. Breaking up with boyfriend/girlfriend -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
46. Leaving home for the first time -3 -2 -1
0
+1
+2
+3
W-14 PERSONAL EXPLORATIONS WORKBOOK
—2 —1
-2 — 1
—2 —1
—2 —1
—2 —1
—2
—2 —1
—2 —1
—2 —1
—2 —1
—2 —1
—2 —1
—2 —1
—2 —1
o +1 +2 +3
o +1 +2 +3
o +i +2 +3
o +1 +2 +3
0 +1 +2 +3
0
±1 +2 +3
0
+1 +2
+3
0
+1 +2 +3
0
+1 +2 +3
0
+1 +2 +3
0 +1 +2 +3
0
+1
+2
+3
0 +1 +2 +3
0 +1 +2
+3
47. Reconciliation with boyfriend/girlfriend —3
Other recent experiences that have had an impact on your life. List and rate.
48. – -3
49. – —3
50. – —3
Section 2. Students only
51. Beginning a new school experience at a higher —3 academic level (college, graduate school, professional school)
52. Changing to a new school at the same academic level —3 (undergraduate, graduate, etc.)
53. Academic probation —3
54. Being dismissed from dormitory or other residence —3
55. Failing an important exam —3
56. Changing a major —3
57. Failing a course —3
58. Dropping a course —3
59. Joining a fraternity/sorority —3
60. Financial problems concerning school (in danger of not —3 having sufficient money to continue)
Scoring the Scale are not included on the scale. Finally, the LES has an extra section Arriving at your scores on the LBS is very simple. Add up all the just for students. positive impact ratings on the right side. The total is your posi- tive change score. Your negative change score is the sum of all of Interpreting Your Score the negative impact ratings that you made on the left side. Adding Approximate norms for all three of the scores are listed below so these two values yields your total change score. Record your scores that you can get some idea of what your score means. Research to below, date suggests that the negative change score is the crucial one; pos-
itive change has not been found to be a good predictor of adapta- My positive change score tional outcomes. Thus far, research has shown that negative change
scores are related to a variety of negative adaptational outcomes. My negative change score
There is merit in getting an estimate of how much stress you have My total change score experienced lately, but scores on the LES should be interpreted
with caution. You need not panic if you add up your negative What the Scale Measures change score and find that it falls in the "high" category. For one The Life Experiences Survey (LES), assembled by Irwin Sarason thing, the strength of the association between stress and adapta- and colleagues (1978), has become a widely used measure of stress tional problems is modest. Second, stress interacts with many other in contemporary research (for examples see Ames et al., 2001; factors, such as lifestyle, coping skills, social support, hardiness, Denisoff & Endler, 2000; Malefo, 2000). The LBS recognizes that and genetic inheritance, in influencing one's mental and physical stress involves more than mere change and asks respondents to health. indicate whether events had a positive or negative impact on them. This strategy helps researchers gain much more insight into which Norms for LES facets of stress are most crucial. The LES also takes into consid- Score change Negative change Positive change Total change eration differences among people in their appraisal of stress, by High 14 and above 16 and above 28 and above dropping the normative weights and replacing them with personally Medium 4-13 7-15 12-27 assigned weightings of the impact of relevant events. The LES al- Low 0-3 0-6 0-11 lows the respondent to write in personally important events that
PERSONAL EXPLORATIONS WORKBOOK W-15
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